1. By cult, I mean a group headed by a charismatic leader who has spiritual, messianic, or therapeutic pretensions and indoctrinates the followers into an idiosyncratic belief system. (Back to Article)

2. Deikman, A. (1982). The observing self: Mysticism and psychotherapy. Boston: Beacon Press. (Back to Article)

3.  Deikman, A. (1983). The evaluation of spiritual and utopian groups. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23(3), 8-19. (Back to Article)

4. Deikman, A. (1990). The wrong way home: Uncovering the patterns of cult behavior in American society. Boston: Beacon Press. (Back to Article)

5. Rioch, M. (1975). The work of Wilfred Bion on groups. In A. D. Colman & H.D. Bexton (Eds.), Group relations reader. Sausalito, CA: GREX. Quotation on p. 24. (Back to Article)

6. Temerlin, M., & Temerlin, J. (1982). Psychotherapy cults: An iatrogenic perversion. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19(2), 131-141. (Back to Article)

7. Arlow, J. (1972). Some dilemmas in psychoanalytic education. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 20, 556-566. (Back to Article)

8. Kernberg, O. (1986). Institutional problems of psychoanalytic education. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 34, 799-834. (Back to Article)